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== Getting Started ==
== Introduction ==


This page contains tutorials to guide new ALMA users through some common types of data imaging and analysis using example ALMA datasets. In addition, we provide detailed guides to the calibration and imaging of some of the publicly-available ALMA Science Verification data that illustrate several different ALMA capabilities.
This page contains tutorials to guide ALMA users through some common types of data imaging and analysis using CASA with example ALMA datasets. Here are some links to get started:


If you are a new user of CASA, take a look at [[Getting_Started_in_CASA | Getting Started in CASA]].
'''ALMA'''
* [http://almascience.org/ ALMA Science homepage]


If you are new to CASAguides, start with [[How_To_Use_A_CASAGuide]].
'''CASA'''


To extract scripts from these guides, see [[Extracting scripts from these tutorials]].
* [http://casa.nrao.edu CASA homepage]: includes download and installation information
* {{casadocs_6.5.4}}
  * To cite CASA, please use: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022PASP..134k4501C/abstract  \bibitem<nowiki>[CASA Team et al.(2022)]</nowiki>{2022PASP..134k4501C} CASA Team, Bean, B., Bhatnagar, S., et al.\ 2022, PASP, 134, 114501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ac9642]
  * To cite the ALMA pipeline, please use: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023PASP..135g4501H/abstract \bibitem<nowiki>[Hunter et al.(2023)]</nowiki>{2023PASP..135g4501H} Hunter, T.~R., Indebetouw, R., Brogan, C.~L., et al.\ 2023, PASP, 135, 074501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ace216]


 
* [[Getting Started in CASA]]
 
* [[CASA Tips]]
* [http://almascience.org/ ALMA Science homepage]  
* [http://casa.nrao.edu CASA homepage including download and installation information]
* [https://almascience.nrao.edu/about-alma/proposing/sensitivity-calculator ALMA Sensitivity Calculator]  
* [[HTT2 | CASA Hints, Tips & Tricks]]
* [[HTT2 | CASA Hints, Tips & Tricks]]
* [[How To Use A CASAGuide]]
* [[Extracting scripts from these tutorials]]


'''CARTA'''


Several older millimeter/submillimeter casaguides that may be of interest to users are listed in [[Past_MM/Submm_Guides | Past MM/Submm CASA Guides]]. Note that they are not currently being maintained and have been last validated for the CASA version listed beside each.
Guides that have been updated to demonstrate the CARTA image viewer will include this statement near the top:
 
{{CARTA_6.5.4}}
For CASA guides that focus on VLA data, please see [[Karl G. Jansky VLA Tutorials]].


== Imaging ==
== First Look (TW Hydra) ==


The following tutorials use example ALMA datasets to guide new CASA users through the basic steps required for imaging and self-calibration.  ALMA data are delivered with standard calibrations applied and they are ready for imaging.
ALMA data are delivered to users with calibrations applied and they are ready for imaging. The following "First Look" tutorials provide short examples of common next steps a user may take with their calibrated data. These guides use an example ALMA observation of TW Hydra.


The following guides have been updated to run in CASA 6.5.4, which uses Python 3.
* [[First_Look_at_Imaging | Continuum Imaging]]
* [[First_Look_at_Imaging | A first look at imaging]]:  This guide gives a first look at imaging and image analysis in CASA.
* [[First_Look_at_Self_Calibration | Continuum Self-Calibration]]
* [[First_Look_at_Self_Calibration | A first look at self-calibration]]:  This guide demonstrates continuum self-cal.
* [[First_Look_at_Line_Imaging | Spectral Line Imaging]]
* [[First_Look_at_Line_Imaging | A first look at spectral line imaging]]:  This guide shows imaging of a spectral line.
* [[First_Look_at_Image_Analysis | Moments and Image Analysis]]
* [[First_Look_at_Image_Analysis | A first look at image analysis]]:  This guide demonstrates moment creation and basic image analysis.
 
First look guides for older versions of CASA, as well as other guides that have stopped being updated, are located at [[Archived ALMA CASAguides]].


Older versions of these guides are archived here: [[ALMA First Look]]
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* [[ALMA_Imaging_Pipeline_Reprocessing | Examples for ALMA Imaging Pipeline Reprocessing]]
== Restoring and Imaging Calibrated Data ==
 
=== Considerations before Imaging ===
* [[ALMA Renormalization Correction]]
* [[ALMA Renormalization Correction]]
* [[Guide_NA_ImagingTemplate | A guide for using the North American ALMA Manual Imaging Template]]
:- A fix for amplitude calibration issues caused by the ALMA normalization strategy for sources with strong line emission.
* [[TCLEAN_and_ALMA | Examples for using the tclean CASA task for ALMA Imaging]].
* [[DataWeightsAndCombination]]
* [[Automasking_Guide | A guide to automasking]]: This guide demonstrates the automasking functionality of {{tclean_6.5.4}}.  
:- A guide to CASA data weights and how to ensure they are correct for data combination.


=== CARTA ===
=== Pipeline Imaging ===


Guides that have been updated to demonstrate CARTA will include this statement near the top:
* [[ALMA Imaging Pipeline Reprocessing]]
{{CARTA_6.5.4}}
:- Create images using pipeline tasks.
 
=== Manual Imaging ===
 
* [[Guide to the NA Imaging Template]]
:- Create images with a manual template.
* [[TCLEAN and ALMA]]
:- Examples of using {{tclean_6.5.4}}, with emphasis on changes from the older "clean" task.
 
=== Automasking ===
 
* [[Automasking Guide]]
:- Explanation of parameters used in {{tclean_6.5.4}} to automatically mask clean regions during non-interactive cleaning.


== Pipeline ==
== Manual Calibration and Imaging ==


https://almascience.nrao.edu/processing/science-pipeline
These guides are useful tools for those who would like to learn the process of calibration and imaging in detail. They use publicly-available [https://almascience.nrao.edu/alma-data/science-verification ALMA Science Verification] data that illustrate several different ALMA capabilities. The links below lead to overview pages for each observation. The guides themselves are linked from the overview pages.


* [[ALMA Pipeline Known Issues]]
=== Mosaic Imaging ===


== Comprehensive Manual guides ==
* [[AntennaeBand7]]
:- Band 7 (345 GHz, 0.87 mm)
:- CO 3-2 spectral line
:- Antennae Galaxy Merger (NGC 4038/4039)
:- North and South mosaics


The links below lead to overview pages for each science verification observation. The guides themselves are linked from the overview pages. These guides are useful tools for those who would like to learn the process of calibration and imaging in detail.
=== High Frequency Calibration ===


''The following ALMA science verification guides are being actively maintained, and have been validated for the CASA versions listed.''
* [[IRAS16293Band9]]
:- Band 9 (650 GHz, 0.46 mm)
:- Protostellar Cluster
:- High frequency techniques
:- Mosaic


* [[AntennaeBand7]]: Mosaic of the galaxy merger NGC 4038/4039 (Antennae) at Band 7 (0.87 mm). Validated for CASA 6.5.4.
=== Single Dish and Array Image Combination  ===
* [[M100_Band3]]: Demonstration of combining 12m-array, 7m-array, and Total Power data for M100. Validated for CASA 6.5.4.
* [[IRAS16293Band9]]: Mosaic of the protostellar cluster IRAS16293-2422 at Band 9 (0.45 mm). Validated for CASA 6.5.4.
* [[3C286_Polarization]]: Demonstration of the reduction of ALMA continuum polarization toward the quasar 3C286. Validated for CASA 6.5.4.
* [[Sunspot_Band6]]: Demonstration of the reduction and imaging of solar data at Band 6 (1.25mm). Validated for CASA 6.5.4.


== Simulation ==
* [[M100_Band3]]
:- Band 3 (100 GHz, 3 mm)
:- Total Power (Single Dish) calibration and imaging
:- Combining 12m-array, 7m-array, and Total Power data


Start here to learn about simulations: [[Guide To Simulating ALMA Data]]
=== Full Polarization ===


Jump directly to examples: [[Simulating Observations in CASA]]
* [[3C286_Polarization]]
:- Band 6 (230 GHz, 1.3 mm)
:- Continuum polarization


== Tools ==
=== Solar Observing ===


* [[DataWeightsAndCombination | A Guide to CASA Data Weights and How to Ensure They are Correct for Data Combination]]
* [[Sunspot_Band6]]
:- Band 6 (230 GHz, 1.3 mm)
:- Solar observing techniques
:- Calibration and imaging
:- Helper scripts


* [[TCLEAN_and_ALMA | Examples for using the new tclean CASA task for ALMA Imaging]]
== Simulation ==


* [[Analysis Utilities]] -- a Python module containing utilities for analysis and plotting.  
* [[Guide To Simulating ALMA Data]]
:- An overview of simulation as it pertains to ALMA.
* [[Simulating Observations in CASA]]
:- All simulation guides (for ALMA, VLA, ngVLA, etc.)


* [[Solar System Models in CASA 4.0 | Solar System Models in CASA 4.0]] and beyond
== Legacy Guides ==


* Tutorials related to ALMA Solar Science Verification Data: [http://almascience.org/alma-data/science-verification/tutorial-alma-solar-science-verification-data CASA 4.7]
These guides and scripts use Science Verification data and have been validated for older versions of CASA, but will not continue to be updated for new CASA releases:
* [[Archived ALMA CASAguides]]


* [[ADMIT_Products_and_Usage | A guide for utilizing ADMIT for your data]]: This guide discusses how to use ADMIT and customize it for your data.
=== Cycle 0 ===


* [[Guide To Processing ALMA Data for Cycle 0]]
:- Last checked in CASA 4.2
:- Helpful hints for downloading the data
:- Imaging, self-calibration, and image analysis


== Legacy ==
Example data calibration scripts used for Cycle 0 data (CASA 3.4):
* [[File:TDM.example.ms.scriptForCalibration.py]]: TDM (128 channels/spw)
* [[File:FDM.example.ms.scriptForCalibration.py]]: FDM (3840 channels/spw)
* [[Updating a script to work with CASA 4.2]]: Update 3.4 scripts to 4.2 or later.


== Resources ==


''The following ALMA science verification guides and scripts have been validated for older versions of CASA, and will not continue to be updated for new CASA releases. ''
=== Pipeline ===


* [[TWHydraBand7 | TWHydraBand7]]: The protoplanetary disk source TW Hya at Band 7 (0.87 mm). Last validated for CASA 4.3.  
* [https://almascience.nrao.edu/processing/science-pipeline ALMA Pipeline webpage]
* [[NGC3256Band3 | NGC3256Band3]]: The galaxy merger NGC 3256 at Band 3 (3 mm). Last validated for CASA 4.3.  
  * To cite the ALMA pipeline, please use: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023PASP..135g4501H/abstract \bibitem<nowiki>[Hunter et al.(2023)]</nowiki>{2023PASP..135g4501H} Hunter, T.~R., Indebetouw, R., Brogan, C.~L., et al.\ 2023, PASP, 135, 074501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ace216]
* [[ALMA2014_LBC_SVDATA]]: Imaging scripts and details for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign science verification data for Juno, Mira, HL Tau, and SDP.81. Last validated for CASA 4.2.2.  
* [[ALMA Pipeline Known Issues]]
* [[File:BR1202_SV_Band7_Calibration_notes.pdf | BR1202_SV_Band7_Calibration_notes]]: Supplemental notes on the calibration of Science Verification target BR1202-0725 in CASA 3.3.


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=== Tools ===
** [[M100_Band3]]
** [[M100_Band3_SingleDish_4.3]]
** [[M100_Band3_Combine_4.3]]
**[[3C286_Polarization]]
**[[3C286_Polarization_Calibration_4.2.2]]
**[[3C286_Polarization_Imaging_4.2.2]]
[[Automasking_Guide]]
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=== Cycle 0 ===
* [https://almascience.nrao.edu/about-alma/proposing/sensitivity-calculator ALMA Sensitivity Calculator]
* [[ADMIT Products and Usage]]: This guide discusses how to use the ALMA Data-Mining Toolkit (ADMIT) and customize it for your data.
* [[Analysis Utilities]]: A Python module containing utilities for analysis and plotting.


[[Guide_To_Processing_ALMA_Data_for_Cycle_0 | A Guide to Processing ALMA Data for Cycle 0]] (last checked in CASA 4.2) takes you through the steps of processing Cycle 0 data from the ALMA data archive.  The guide describes some helpful hints for downloading the data, and describes the process all the way through imaging and self-calibration, and image analysis.
=== Other Telescopes ===


You can also get a look at example data calibration scripts used for Cycle 0 data at the following links.  These were written for CASA version 3.4.
* [[Karl G. Jansky VLA Tutorials]]
* TDM (128 channels/spw) [[File:TDM.example.ms.scriptForCalibration.py]]
* [[Past MM/Submm Guides]]: These are not currently being maintained.
* FDM (3840 channels/spw) [[File:FDM.example.ms.scriptForCalibration.py]]
* If you need to update 3.4 scripts to 4.2 or later, see more information [[Updating_a_script_to_work_with_CASA_4.2|here]]


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Latest revision as of 20:27, 10 September 2024

Introduction

This page contains tutorials to guide ALMA users through some common types of data imaging and analysis using CASA with example ALMA datasets. Here are some links to get started:

ALMA

CASA 

  * To cite CASA, please use: \bibitem[CASA Team et al.(2022)]{2022PASP..134k4501C} CASA Team, Bean, B., Bhatnagar, S., et al.\ 2022, PASP, 134, 114501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ac9642
  * To cite the ALMA pipeline, please use: \bibitem[Hunter et al.(2023)]{2023PASP..135g4501H} Hunter, T.~R., Indebetouw, R., Brogan, C.~L., et al.\ 2023, PASP, 135, 074501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ace216

CARTA

Guides that have been updated to demonstrate the CARTA image viewer will include this statement near the top:

This guide features CARTA, the “Cube Analysis and Rendering Tool for Astronomy,” which is the new NRAO visualization tool for images and cubes. The CASA viewer (imview) has not been maintained for a few years and will be removed from future versions of CASA. We strongly recommend using CARTA, as it provides a much more efficient, stable, and feature rich user experience. A comparison of the CASA viewer and CARTA, as well as instructions on how to use CARTA at NRAO, is provided in the CARTA section of the CASA docs.

First Look (TW Hydra)

ALMA data are delivered to users with calibrations applied and they are ready for imaging. The following "First Look" tutorials provide short examples of common next steps a user may take with their calibrated data. These guides use an example ALMA observation of TW Hydra.

Older versions of these guides are archived here: ALMA First Look

Restoring and Imaging Calibrated Data

Considerations before Imaging

- A fix for amplitude calibration issues caused by the ALMA normalization strategy for sources with strong line emission.
- A guide to CASA data weights and how to ensure they are correct for data combination.

Pipeline Imaging

- Create images using pipeline tasks.

Manual Imaging

- Create images with a manual template.
- Examples of using tclean, with emphasis on changes from the older "clean" task.

Automasking

- Explanation of parameters used in tclean to automatically mask clean regions during non-interactive cleaning.

Manual Calibration and Imaging

These guides are useful tools for those who would like to learn the process of calibration and imaging in detail. They use publicly-available ALMA Science Verification data that illustrate several different ALMA capabilities. The links below lead to overview pages for each observation. The guides themselves are linked from the overview pages.

Mosaic Imaging

- Band 7 (345 GHz, 0.87 mm)
- CO 3-2 spectral line
- Antennae Galaxy Merger (NGC 4038/4039)
- North and South mosaics

High Frequency Calibration

- Band 9 (650 GHz, 0.46 mm)
- Protostellar Cluster
- High frequency techniques
- Mosaic

Single Dish and Array Image Combination

- Band 3 (100 GHz, 3 mm)
- Total Power (Single Dish) calibration and imaging
- Combining 12m-array, 7m-array, and Total Power data

Full Polarization

- Band 6 (230 GHz, 1.3 mm)
- Continuum polarization

Solar Observing

- Band 6 (230 GHz, 1.3 mm)
- Solar observing techniques
- Calibration and imaging
- Helper scripts

Simulation

- An overview of simulation as it pertains to ALMA.
- All simulation guides (for ALMA, VLA, ngVLA, etc.)

Legacy Guides

These guides and scripts use Science Verification data and have been validated for older versions of CASA, but will not continue to be updated for new CASA releases:

Cycle 0

- Last checked in CASA 4.2
- Helpful hints for downloading the data
- Imaging, self-calibration, and image analysis

Example data calibration scripts used for Cycle 0 data (CASA 3.4):

Resources

Pipeline

  * To cite the ALMA pipeline, please use: \bibitem[Hunter et al.(2023)]{2023PASP..135g4501H} Hunter, T.~R., Indebetouw, R., Brogan, C.~L., et al.\ 2023, PASP, 135, 074501. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ace216

Tools

Other Telescopes
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