View source for VLA CASA Bandpass Slope-CASA4.5.2


<b>This CASA Guide is for CASA version 4.5.2</b>


== Overview ==

For the standard VLA flux density calibrators 3C138, 3C147, 3C286, and 3C48, CASA includes a spatial and spectral model that is being applied for the bandpass calibration. This model takes out the source characteristics and the calibration solution is then a representation of the instrumental and atmospheric corrections. These VLA standards, however, exhibit a negative spectral index and are relatively weak at high frequencies.

Although they are usually still bright enough for the absolute flux density calibration of the VLA, a good bandpass determination, which is very important for spectral line observations, requires large signal-to-noise ratios and therefore either a long integration time or a very strong source (see the [https://science.nrao.edu/facilities/vla/docs/manuals/obsguide/modes/line#section-8 Spectral Line Guide for Observing]). Observations of non-standard, but strong, bandpass calibrators is therefore common at high frequencies. Unfortunately, such sources are likely variable and no ''a priori'' flux density model is available. In particular, these sources exhibit an unknown and maybe variable spectral slope, which, if not accounted for, will create an error in the bandpass calibration. This tutorial describes how to model a spectral slope and how to correct the bandpass solution for this effect. 

Data used in this guide are taken in wide, 3-bit mode for the protostar G192.16-3.84 in Ka-band with basebands centered at 29 and 36.5 GHz. Each baseband has over 4 GHz of bandwidth comprised of thirty-two 128-MHz spectral windows.

If you are new to CASA, or with VLA data reduction in CASA, it is '''strongly''' recommended that you start with either the [[EVLA Continuum Tutorial 3C391]] or [[Getting Started in CASA]] before proceeding with this tutorial.

== Obtaining the Data ==

As this tutorial concerns bandpass calibration, all sources other than the flux density and bandpass calibrator scans were removed from the MS. All pre-calibration steps including flagging, antenna position offsets, requantizer gains, opacity corrections, and gain-elevation curves were applied. The original data (<tt>TVER0004.sb14459364.eb14492359.56295.26287841435</tt>) can be obtained through the [https://archive.nrao.edu NRAO archive] and has a raw size of 57.04 GB.

 The trimmed measurement set can be downloaded directly from [http://casa.nrao.edu/Data/EVLA/G192/G192-BP.ms.tar.gz http://casa.nrao.edu/Data/EVLA/G192/G192-BP.ms.tar.gz] (dataset size: 3.4 GB)

Your first step will be to unzip and untar the file in a terminal (before you start CASA):

<source lang="bash">
tar -xzvf G192-BP.ms.tar.gz 
</source>

== Starting CASA ==

To start CASA, type:

<source lang="bash">
casa
</source>

This will run a script to initialize CASA, setting paths appropriately. The script will also create a file called ipython-<unique-stamp>.log, which will contain a record of all the text you enter at the CASA prompt, as well as casapy-<unique-stamp>.log, which will contain all the messages that are printed to the CASA logger window. It is recommended that you keep your log files intact&#151;you may need them to remind you of the last step you completed in your data reduction. (It is also a good idea to include your log files when submitting a help desk ticket).

Once CASA has started, a logger window will appear. Note that you can rescale this window or change the font size (under the "View" menu option) as desired.

== Examining the Measurement Set (MS) ==

We use {{listobs}} to summarize our MS:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: listobs on the initial data set
listobs('G192-BP.ms', listfile='G192_listobs.txt')
</source>

This will write the output to a file called <tt>G192_listobs.txt</tt>, which we can print to the terminal using the <tt>cat</tt> command:

<source lang="python">
# In CASA
cat G192_listobs.txt
</source>

<pre>
================================================================================
           MeasurementSet Name:  /lustre/aoc/sciops/jott/casa/topicalguide/bandpass/new/G192-BP.ms      MS Version 2
================================================================================
   Observer: Dr. Debra Shepherd     Project: uid://evla/pdb/7303457  
Observation: EVLA
Data records: 1769355       Total elapsed time = 4563 seconds
   Observed from   03-Jan-2013/06:31:48.0   to   03-Jan-2013/07:47:51.0 (UTC)

   ObservationID = 0         ArrayID = 0
  Date        Timerange (UTC)          Scan  FldId FieldName             nRows     SpwIds   Average Interval(s)    ScanIntent
  03-Jan-2013/06:31:48.0 - 06:36:42.0     6      0 3C147                   704865  [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]  [6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5.94, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6] [CALIBRATE_FLUX#UNSPECIFIED,OBSERVE_TARGET#UNSPECIFIED]
              07:40:27.0 - 07:47:51.0    64      1 3c84-J0319+413         1064490  [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63]  [6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6] [CALIBRATE_BANDPASS#UNSPECIFIED,OBSERVE_TARGET#UNSPECIFIED]
           (nRows = Total number of rows per scan) 
Fields: 2
  ID   Code Name                RA               Decl           Epoch   SrcId      nRows
  0    E    3C147               05:42:36.137916 +49.51.07.23356 J2000   0         704865
  1    F    3c84-J0319+413      03:19:48.160102 +41.30.42.10305 J2000   1        1064490
Spectral Windows:  (64 unique spectral windows and 1 unique polarization setups)
  SpwID  Name            #Chans   Frame   Ch0(MHz)  ChanWid(kHz)  TotBW(kHz) CtrFreq(MHz) BBC Num  Corrs  
  0      EVLA_KA#A1C1#2     128   TOPO   34476.000      1000.000    128000.0  34539.5000       10  RR  LL
  1      EVLA_KA#A1C1#3     128   TOPO   34604.000      1000.000    128000.0  34667.5000       10  RR  LL
  2      EVLA_KA#A1C1#4     128   TOPO   34732.000      1000.000    128000.0  34795.5000       10  RR  LL
  3      EVLA_KA#A1C1#5     128   TOPO   34860.000      1000.000    128000.0  34923.5000       10  RR  LL
  4      EVLA_KA#A1C1#6     128   TOPO   34988.000      1000.000    128000.0  35051.5000       10  RR  LL
  5      EVLA_KA#A1C1#7     128   TOPO   35116.000      1000.000    128000.0  35179.5000       10  RR  LL
  6      EVLA_KA#A1C1#8     128   TOPO   35244.000      1000.000    128000.0  35307.5000       10  RR  LL
  7      EVLA_KA#A1C1#9     128   TOPO   35372.000      1000.000    128000.0  35435.5000       10  RR  LL
  8      EVLA_KA#A1C1#10    128   TOPO   35500.000      1000.000    128000.0  35563.5000       10  RR  LL
  9      EVLA_KA#A1C1#11    128   TOPO   35628.000      1000.000    128000.0  35691.5000       10  RR  LL
  10     EVLA_KA#A1C1#12    128   TOPO   35756.000      1000.000    128000.0  35819.5000       10  RR  LL
  11     EVLA_KA#A1C1#13    128   TOPO   35884.000      1000.000    128000.0  35947.5000       10  RR  LL
  12     EVLA_KA#A1C1#14    128   TOPO   36012.000      1000.000    128000.0  36075.5000       10  RR  LL
  13     EVLA_KA#A1C1#15    128   TOPO   36140.000      1000.000    128000.0  36203.5000       10  RR  LL
  14     EVLA_KA#A1C1#16    128   TOPO   36268.000      1000.000    128000.0  36331.5000       10  RR  LL
  15     EVLA_KA#A1C1#17    128   TOPO   36396.000      1000.000    128000.0  36459.5000       10  RR  LL
  16     EVLA_KA#A2C2#18    128   TOPO   36476.000      1000.000    128000.0  36539.5000       11  RR  LL
  17     EVLA_KA#A2C2#19    128   TOPO   36604.000      1000.000    128000.0  36667.5000       11  RR  LL
  18     EVLA_KA#A2C2#20    128   TOPO   36732.000      1000.000    128000.0  36795.5000       11  RR  LL
  19     EVLA_KA#A2C2#21    128   TOPO   36860.000      1000.000    128000.0  36923.5000       11  RR  LL
  20     EVLA_KA#A2C2#22    128   TOPO   36988.000      1000.000    128000.0  37051.5000       11  RR  LL
  21     EVLA_KA#A2C2#23    128   TOPO   37116.000      1000.000    128000.0  37179.5000       11  RR  LL
  22     EVLA_KA#A2C2#24    128   TOPO   37244.000      1000.000    128000.0  37307.5000       11  RR  LL
  23     EVLA_KA#A2C2#25    128   TOPO   37372.000      1000.000    128000.0  37435.5000       11  RR  LL
  24     EVLA_KA#A2C2#26    128   TOPO   37500.000      1000.000    128000.0  37563.5000       11  RR  LL
  25     EVLA_KA#A2C2#27    128   TOPO   37628.000      1000.000    128000.0  37691.5000       11  RR  LL
  26     EVLA_KA#A2C2#28    128   TOPO   37756.000      1000.000    128000.0  37819.5000       11  RR  LL
  27     EVLA_KA#A2C2#29    128   TOPO   37884.000      1000.000    128000.0  37947.5000       11  RR  LL
  28     EVLA_KA#A2C2#30    128   TOPO   38012.000      1000.000    128000.0  38075.5000       11  RR  LL
  29     EVLA_KA#A2C2#31    128   TOPO   38140.000      1000.000    128000.0  38203.5000       11  RR  LL
  30     EVLA_KA#A2C2#32    128   TOPO   38268.000      1000.000    128000.0  38331.5000       11  RR  LL
  31     EVLA_KA#A2C2#33    128   TOPO   38396.000      1000.000    128000.0  38459.5000       11  RR  LL
  32     EVLA_KA#B1D1#34    128   TOPO   26976.000      1000.000    128000.0  27039.5000       13  RR  LL
  33     EVLA_KA#B1D1#35    128   TOPO   27104.000      1000.000    128000.0  27167.5000       13  RR  LL
  34     EVLA_KA#B1D1#36    128   TOPO   27232.000      1000.000    128000.0  27295.5000       13  RR  LL
  35     EVLA_KA#B1D1#37    128   TOPO   27360.000      1000.000    128000.0  27423.5000       13  RR  LL
  36     EVLA_KA#B1D1#38    128   TOPO   27488.000      1000.000    128000.0  27551.5000       13  RR  LL
  37     EVLA_KA#B1D1#39    128   TOPO   27616.000      1000.000    128000.0  27679.5000       13  RR  LL
  38     EVLA_KA#B1D1#40    128   TOPO   27744.000      1000.000    128000.0  27807.5000       13  RR  LL
  39     EVLA_KA#B1D1#41    128   TOPO   27872.000      1000.000    128000.0  27935.5000       13  RR  LL
  40     EVLA_KA#B1D1#42    128   TOPO   28000.000      1000.000    128000.0  28063.5000       13  RR  LL
  41     EVLA_KA#B1D1#43    128   TOPO   28128.000      1000.000    128000.0  28191.5000       13  RR  LL
  42     EVLA_KA#B1D1#44    128   TOPO   28256.000      1000.000    128000.0  28319.5000       13  RR  LL
  43     EVLA_KA#B1D1#45    128   TOPO   28384.000      1000.000    128000.0  28447.5000       13  RR  LL
  44     EVLA_KA#B1D1#46    128   TOPO   28512.000      1000.000    128000.0  28575.5000       13  RR  LL
  45     EVLA_KA#B1D1#47    128   TOPO   28640.000      1000.000    128000.0  28703.5000       13  RR  LL
  46     EVLA_KA#B1D1#48    128   TOPO   28768.000      1000.000    128000.0  28831.5000       13  RR  LL
  47     EVLA_KA#B1D1#49    128   TOPO   28896.000      1000.000    128000.0  28959.5000       13  RR  LL
  48     EVLA_KA#B2D2#50    128   TOPO   28976.000      1000.000    128000.0  29039.5000       14  RR  LL
  49     EVLA_KA#B2D2#51    128   TOPO   29104.000      1000.000    128000.0  29167.5000       14  RR  LL
  50     EVLA_KA#B2D2#52    128   TOPO   29232.000      1000.000    128000.0  29295.5000       14  RR  LL
  51     EVLA_KA#B2D2#53    128   TOPO   29360.000      1000.000    128000.0  29423.5000       14  RR  LL
  52     EVLA_KA#B2D2#54    128   TOPO   29488.000      1000.000    128000.0  29551.5000       14  RR  LL
  53     EVLA_KA#B2D2#55    128   TOPO   29616.000      1000.000    128000.0  29679.5000       14  RR  LL
  54     EVLA_KA#B2D2#56    128   TOPO   29744.000      1000.000    128000.0  29807.5000       14  RR  LL
  55     EVLA_KA#B2D2#57    128   TOPO   29872.000      1000.000    128000.0  29935.5000       14  RR  LL
  56     EVLA_KA#B2D2#58    128   TOPO   30000.000      1000.000    128000.0  30063.5000       14  RR  LL
  57     EVLA_KA#B2D2#59    128   TOPO   30128.000      1000.000    128000.0  30191.5000       14  RR  LL
  58     EVLA_KA#B2D2#60    128   TOPO   30256.000      1000.000    128000.0  30319.5000       14  RR  LL
  59     EVLA_KA#B2D2#61    128   TOPO   30384.000      1000.000    128000.0  30447.5000       14  RR  LL
  60     EVLA_KA#B2D2#62    128   TOPO   30512.000      1000.000    128000.0  30575.5000       14  RR  LL
  61     EVLA_KA#B2D2#63    128   TOPO   30640.000      1000.000    128000.0  30703.5000       14  RR  LL
  62     EVLA_KA#B2D2#64    128   TOPO   30768.000      1000.000    128000.0  30831.5000       14  RR  LL
  63     EVLA_KA#B2D2#65    128   TOPO   30896.000      1000.000    128000.0  30959.5000       14  RR  LL
Sources: 128
  ID   Name                SpwId RestFreq(MHz)  SysVel(km/s) 
  0    3C147               0     -              -            
  0    3C147               1     -              -            
  0    3C147               2     -              -            
  0    3C147               3     -              -            
  0    3C147               4     -              -            
  0    3C147               5     -              -            
  0    3C147               6     -              -            
  0    3C147               7     -              -            
  0    3C147               8     -              -            
  0    3C147               9     -              -            
  0    3C147               10    -              -            
  0    3C147               11    -              -            
  0    3C147               12    -              -            
  0    3C147               13    -              -            
  0    3C147               14    -              -            
  0    3C147               15    -              -            
  0    3C147               16    -              -            
  0    3C147               17    -              -            
  0    3C147               18    -              -            
  0    3C147               19    -              -            
  0    3C147               20    -              -            
  0    3C147               21    -              -            
  0    3C147               22    -              -            
  0    3C147               23    -              -            
  0    3C147               24    -              -            
  0    3C147               25    -              -            
  0    3C147               26    -              -            
  0    3C147               27    -              -            
  0    3C147               28    -              -            
  0    3C147               29    -              -            
  0    3C147               30    -              -            
  0    3C147               31    -              -            
  0    3C147               32    -              -            
  0    3C147               33    -              -            
  0    3C147               34    -              -            
  0    3C147               35    -              -            
  0    3C147               36    -              -            
  0    3C147               37    -              -            
  0    3C147               38    -              -            
  0    3C147               39    -              -            
  0    3C147               40    -              -            
  0    3C147               41    -              -            
  0    3C147               42    -              -            
  0    3C147               43    -              -            
  0    3C147               44    -              -            
  0    3C147               45    -              -            
  0    3C147               46    -              -            
  0    3C147               47    -              -            
  0    3C147               48    -              -            
  0    3C147               49    -              -            
  0    3C147               50    -              -            
  0    3C147               51    -              -            
  0    3C147               52    -              -            
  0    3C147               53    -              -            
  0    3C147               54    -              -            
  0    3C147               55    -              -            
  0    3C147               56    -              -            
  0    3C147               57    -              -            
  0    3C147               58    -              -            
  0    3C147               59    -              -            
  0    3C147               60    -              -            
  0    3C147               61    -              -            
  0    3C147               62    -              -            
  0    3C147               63    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      0     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      1     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      2     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      3     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      4     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      5     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      6     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      7     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      8     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      9     -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      10    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      11    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      12    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      13    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      14    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      15    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      16    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      17    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      18    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      19    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      20    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      21    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      22    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      23    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      24    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      25    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      26    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      27    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      28    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      29    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      30    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      31    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      32    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      33    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      34    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      35    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      36    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      37    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      38    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      39    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      40    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      41    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      42    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      43    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      44    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      45    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      46    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      47    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      48    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      49    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      50    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      51    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      52    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      53    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      54    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      55    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      56    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      57    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      58    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      59    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      60    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      61    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      62    -              -            
  1    3c84-J0319+413      63    -              -            
Antennas: 22:
  ID   Name  Station   Diam.    Long.         Lat.                Offset from array center (m)                ITRF Geocentric coordinates (m)        
                                                                     East         North     Elevation               x               y               z
  1    ea02  N56       25.0 m   -107.37.47.9  +34.00.38.4      -1105.2071    12254.3069      -34.2426 -1600128.383400 -5035104.146500  3565024.672100
  2    ea03  N16       25.0 m   -107.37.10.9  +33.54.48.0       -155.8511     1426.6436       -9.3827 -1601061.956000 -5041175.880700  3556058.037600
  3    ea05  W08       25.0 m   -107.37.21.6  +33.53.53.0       -432.1184     -272.1472       -1.5070 -1601614.092200 -5042001.650900  3554652.508900
  4    ea06  N32       25.0 m   -107.37.22.0  +33.56.33.6       -441.7237     4689.9748      -16.9332 -1600781.042100 -5039347.435200  3558761.533000
  5    ea07  E40       25.0 m   -107.32.35.4  +33.52.16.9       6908.8279    -3240.7316       39.0057 -1595124.924100 -5045829.461500  3552210.685200
  6    ea09  E24       25.0 m   -107.35.13.4  +33.53.18.1       2858.1754    -1349.1257       13.7290 -1598663.097500 -5043581.389700  3553767.027800
  8    ea11  W56       25.0 m   -107.44.26.7  +33.49.54.6     -11333.2153    -7637.6824       15.3542 -1613255.404300 -5042613.085000  3548545.901400
  9    ea12  E08       25.0 m   -107.36.48.9  +33.53.55.1        407.8285     -206.0065       -3.2272 -1600801.926000 -5042219.366500  3554706.448200
  11   ea14  W16       25.0 m   -107.37.57.4  +33.53.33.0      -1348.7083     -890.6269        1.3068 -1602592.853600 -5042055.005300  3554140.703900
  12   ea15  W72       25.0 m   -107.48.24.0  +33.47.41.2     -17419.4730   -11760.2869       14.9578 -1619757.314900 -5042937.673700  3545120.385300
  13   ea16  N08       25.0 m   -107.37.07.5  +33.54.15.8        -68.9252      433.1901       -5.0683 -1601147.956700 -5041733.824100  3555235.952500
  14   ea17  E48       25.0 m   -107.30.56.1  +33.51.38.4       9456.5938    -4431.6366       37.9317 -1592894.088800 -5047229.121000  3551221.221100
  15   ea18  E72       25.0 m   -107.24.42.3  +33.49.18.0      19041.8754    -8769.2059        4.7234 -1584460.867200 -5052385.599300  3547599.997600
  17   ea20  N72       25.0 m   -107.38.10.5  +34.04.12.2      -1685.6775    18861.8403      -43.4734 -1599557.932000 -5031396.371000  3570494.760600
  18   ea21  E64       25.0 m   -107.27.00.1  +33.50.06.7      15507.6045    -7263.7280       67.1961 -1587600.190400 -5050575.873800  3548885.396600
  19   ea22  N24       25.0 m   -107.37.16.1  +33.55.37.7       -290.3745     2961.8582      -12.2374 -1600930.087700 -5040316.398500  3557330.387000
  20   ea23  N64       25.0 m   -107.37.58.7  +34.02.20.5      -1382.3750    15410.1463      -40.6373 -1599855.675100 -5033332.371000  3567636.622500
  21   ea24  W40       25.0 m   -107.41.13.5  +33.51.43.1      -6377.9740    -4286.7919        8.2191 -1607962.456900 -5042338.214500  3551324.943600
  22   ea25  W48       25.0 m   -107.42.44.3  +33.50.52.1      -8707.9407    -5861.7854       15.5265 -1610451.925400 -5042471.123100  3550021.056800
  23   ea26  W32       25.0 m   -107.39.54.8  +33.52.27.2      -4359.4561    -2923.1223       11.7579 -1605808.647100 -5042230.071500  3552459.203400
  24   ea27  E16       25.0 m   -107.36.09.8  +33.53.40.0       1410.0316     -673.4696       -0.7909 -1599926.110000 -5042772.967300  3554319.791200
  25   ea28  N40       25.0 m   -107.37.29.5  +33.57.44.4       -633.6167     6878.5984      -20.7748 -1600592.764000 -5038121.352000  3560574.847300
</pre>

We have trimmed the MS to contain only scans on the flux calibrator 3C147 (field 0) and the bandpass calibrator 3C84 (field 1), but retained all 64 spectral windows, each 128MHz wide and containing 128 1MHz channels.

== Setting the Model of the Flux Density Calibrator ==


To start with, we insert the spectral (using the 'Perley-Butler 2013' standard) and spatial (3C147_A.im for Ka-band) models for the flux density calibrator 3C147 (field 0) with the {{setjy}} task:

<source lang="python">
# In CASA: model for the flux density calibrator
setjy(vis='G192-BP.ms', field='0', scalebychan=True, \
      standard='Perley-Butler 2013', model='3C147_A.im')
</source>

[[Image:ScreenshotPlotG192-setjy-4.5.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 1: plotms of model amp vs freq for 3C147]]
* <tt>scalebychan=True</tt>: If ''scalebychan=False'', {{setjy}} would use a single value per spectral window.

Inspecting the logger report shows that 3C147 has a flux density of 1.3002 Jy at the lower end of the band (spw 63; ~31 GHz) and 1.1768 Jy at the upper frequency end (spw 0; ~35 GHz).

We can plot the model data using {{plotms}} (Fig. 1):
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotms(vis='G192-BP.ms', field='0', antenna='ea02&ea05', \
       xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', ydatacolumn='model')
</source>

== Calibrating delays and initial bandpass solutions ==

As a first step, we need to specify a reference antenna for all phase calibrations. It is desirable to use an antenna that is near the center of the array that has a minimum of flags. The array can be mapped with {{plotants}}:

<source lang="python">
# In CASA: plotting antenna locations
plotants(vis='G192-BP.ms')
</source>
although the plot is a bit crowded (Fog. 2), a zoom in shows that ea05 sits close to the center and appears to be a good choice. 
[[Image:plotG192_plotants.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 2: plotants plotter]]

[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_G0p1_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig 3a: plotcal G0 phase ant 0~15]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_G0p2_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 3b: plotcal G0 phase ant 16~26]]

[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_delays.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 4: plotcal K0 delay vs. antenna]]

[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0a1_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig 5a: plotcal B0 bandpass amp ant ea06 spw 0-31]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0a2_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 5b: plotcal B0 bandpass amp ant ea06 spw 32-63]]

We start with a phase-only calibration solution on a narrow range of channels near the center of each spectral window on the bandpass calibrator 3C84 to flatten them with respect to time before solving for the bandpass. This will remove most of the decorrelation of the signal. The range 60~68 should work, and we derive a solution for each individual integration:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: phase only calibration
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.G0', \
        field='1', spw='*:60~68', \
        gaintype='G', refant='ea05', calmode='p', \
        solint='int', minsnr=3)

</source>

* <tt>refant='ea05'</tt> : Use ea05 as the reference antenna
* <tt>solint='int'</tt> : Do a per-integration solve (every 6 seconds, since we've time-averaged the data).
* <tt>minsnr=3</tt> : Apply a minimum signal-to-noise cutoff.  Solutions with less than this value will be flagged.
* <tt>gaintable</tt> is not set here as we have already applied pre-calibrations.
Plot the phase solutions (using full phase range, -180 to 180, instead of autorange):

<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G0', xaxis='time', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180])
</source>

Plot the phase solutions. We will produce multipanel plots (Fig. 3a,b) and plot to files. (Note that the hardcopy only shows the first page):

<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G0', xaxis='time', yaxis='phase', \
        antenna='0~10,12~15', subplot=531, iteration='antenna', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180], fontsize=8.0, \
        markersize=3.0, figfile='plotG192_plotcal_G0p1.png')
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G0', xaxis='time', yaxis='phase', \
        antenna='16~26', subplot=531, iteration='antenna', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180], fontsize=8.0, \
        markersize=3.0, figfile='plotG192_plotcal_G0p2.png')
</source>

<!--
NOTE: When you are done plotting and want to use the calibration table in another task (e.g., for subsequent calibration or viewing with plotms), use the Quit button on the GUI to dismiss the plotter and free-up the lock on the calibration table. You should see a message in your terminal window saying "Resetting plotcal" which means you are good to go!
-->

We can now solve for the residual delays using the <tt>gaintype='K'</tt> option in gaincal. Note that this currently does not do a "global fringe-fitting" solution for delays, but instead does a baseline-based delay solution per spw for all baselines to the reference antenna, treating these as antenna-based delays.  In most cases with high-enough S/N to get baseline-based delay solutions, this will suffice.  We avoid the edge channels of each spectral window by selecting channels 5~122:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: residual delays
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.K0', \
        field='1', spw='*:5~122', gaintype='K', \
        gaintable=['calG192.G0'],
        refant='ea05', solint='inf', minsnr=3)
</source>

Note that we have also pre-applied our initial phase table, calG192.G0.  

Alternatively, one can also derive a delay across all spws of a baseband. If this is desired, use ''combine='spw''' in {{gaincal}} and run the task for each baseband separately. The solutions from the second and following runs can be appended to the same calibration table via ''append=T''.

We can plot the delays, in nanoseconds, as a function of antenna index (you will get one for each spw and polarization):
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.K0', xaxis='antenna', yaxis='delay')
</source>

The delays range from around -5 to 4 nanoseconds (Fig. 4).

Now we solve for the antenna bandpasses using the previous tables:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: antenna bandpasses
bandpass(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.B0', \
         gaintable=['calG192.G0', 'calG192.K0'], \
         field='1', refant='ea05', solnorm=False, \
         bandtype='B', solint='inf')
</source>
'''WARNING''': You must set <tt>solnorm=False</tt> here or later on you will find some offsets
among spws due to the way the amplitude scaling adjusts weights internally during solving.

[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0p1_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 6a: plotcal B0 bandpass phase ant ea06 spw 0-31]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0p2_4.0.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 6b: plotcal B0 bandpass phase ant ea06 spw 32-63]]

You will see in the terminal some reports of solutions failing due to "Insufficient unflagged antennas" -- note that these are for bad channels that have been pre-flagged.

Plot the resulting bandpasses in amplitude and phase. Note that the first panel for ea01 is empty as it is completely flagged. Proceed to ea06 to see the plots as shown in Figs. 5 and 6:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0', xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', \
        spw='0~31', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0', xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', \
        spw='32~63', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0', xaxis='freq', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', spw='0~31', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180])
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0', xaxis='freq', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', spw='32~63', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180])
</source>

== Bootstrapping the bandpass calibrator spectrum ==


Since there is no <i>a priori</i> spectral information for our chosen bandpass calibrator, 3C84, we need to bootstrap to find its spectral index, then recalibrate with this information in order to avoid folding the intrinsic spectral shape of 3C84 into our calibration.

First, we do again a phase-only calibration solution, this time for both the bandpass and the flux density calibrator. This will correct for decorrelation of the signals. We use again the channel range 60~68 and apply the bandpass and delay calibration tables: 

<source lang="python">
# In CASA: flux and bandpass calibrators gain
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.G1p', field='0,1', \
        gaintable=['calG192.K0', 'calG192.B0'], \
        gaintype='G', refant='ea05', calmode='p', solint='int', minsnr=3)
</source>

Now we are ready to solve for both, phase and gain for each scan: 

<source lang="python">
# In CASA: flux and bandpass calibrators gain
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.G1', field='0,1', \
        gaintable=['calG192.K0', 'calG192.B0','calG192.G1p'], \
        gaintype='G', refant='ea05', calmode='ap', solint='inf', minsnr=3)
</source>

<!--
Let's have a look at the phase and amplitude solutions, iterating over antenna.  We will look at the flux density calibrator (3C147) and bandpass calibrator (3C84) individually since they're widely separated in time:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G1', xaxis='time', yaxis='amp', \
        field='0', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G1', xaxis='time', yaxis='amp', \
        field='1', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G1', xaxis='time', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180], \
        field='0')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.G1', xaxis='time', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180], \
        field='1')
</source>

The solutions all look reasonable and relatively constant with time.  
-->

With gain solutions for the flux density and bandpass calibrators, we can now use {{fluxscale}} to scale the gain amplitudes of the bandpass calibrator:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: bandpass calibrator gain amplitudes scaling
flux1 = fluxscale(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.G1', \
                  fluxtable='calG192.F1', reference='0', \
                  transfer='1', listfile='3C84.fluxinfo', fitorder=1)
</source>
* <tt>flux1 = fluxscale(...)</tt>: by providing a variable <tt>flux1</tt>, we allow {{fluxscale}} to use this for the output Python dictionary it returns with lots of information about the flux scaling.  You can inspect the output dictionary flux1 by typing "print flux1" at the CASA command line.
* <tt>fluxtable='calG192.F1'</tt>: this is the output scaled gain table.  Since we are only using this to find the spectral index of 3C84, we won't be using this table.
* <tt>listfile='3C84.fluxinfo'</tt>: an output file that contains the derived flux values and fit information.
* <tt>fitorder=1</tt>: only find a spectral index, ignoring curvature in the spectrum.

The last line in the file (and displayed in the logger) shows:
<pre style="background-color: #fffacd;">
Fitted spectrum for 3c84-J0319+413 with fitorder=1: Flux density = 29.0282 +/- 0.0308648 (freq=32.5128 GHz) spidx=-0.538758 +/- 0.00882913
</pre>

[[Image:PlotG192-3C84-fluxspec-4.5.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 7: 3C84 flux values returned by fluxscale]]
[[Image:ScreenshotPlotG192-setjy-bp-4.5.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 8: plotms of model amp vs freq for 3C84]]

Using the information in the returned <tt>flux</tt> dictionary, we can plot the derived spectrum (Fig. 7):
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
freq = flux1['freq'] / 1e9
spw_list = range(0,64)
spw_str = []
for i in spw_list:
   thisspw = str(i)
   spw_str.append(thisspw)

bootstrapped_fluxes = []
for j in spw_str:
    thisflux = flux1['1'][j]['fluxd'][0]
    if thisflux ==None:
        continue
    else:
        bootstrapped_fluxes.append(thisflux)

pl.clf()
pl.plot(freq, bootstrapped_fluxes, 'bo')
pl.xlabel('Frequency (GHz)')
pl.ylabel('Flux Density (Jy)')
pl.title('3C84')
pl.show()
</source>


We can use the model from {{fluxscale}} to fill the MODEL column with 3C84's spectral information using {{setjy}}. With ''standard='fluxscale''', we can directly use the flux1 python dictionary as input via ''fluxdict'':
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: spectral information
setjy(vis='G192-BP.ms', field='1', scalebychan=True, \
      standard = 'fluxscale', fluxdict=flux1)
</source>



Checking with plotms that the data have been appropriately filled (Fig. 8):
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotms(vis='G192-BP.ms', field='1', antenna='ea05&ea02', \
       xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', ydatacolumn='model')
</source>

[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0a1.b_4.1.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 9a: plotcal B0 bootstrapped bandpass amp ant ea06 spw 0-31]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0a2.b_4.1.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 9b: plotcal B0 bootstrapped bandpass amp ant ea06 spw 32-63]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0p1.b_4.1.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 10a: plotcal B0 bootstrapped bandpass phase ant ea06 spw 0-31]]
[[Image:plotG192_plotcal_B0p2.b_4.1.png|200px|thumb|right|Fig. 10b: plotcal B0 bootstrapped bandpass phase ant ea06 spw 32-63]] 

We redo the previous calibration using this new model information.  Although the commands are the same as what we issued earlier, keep in mind that the model values for the bandpass calibrator have changed, and therefore the results of these calibration calculations will differ:
<source lang="python">
# In CASA: phase only recalibration
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.G0.b', \
        field='1', spw='*:60~68', \
        gaintype='G', refant='ea05', calmode='p', \
        solint='int', minsnr=3) 
# In CASA: residual delays recalibration
gaincal(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.K0.b', \
        gaintable=['calG192.G0.b'], \
        field='1', spw='*:5~122', gaintype='K', \
        refant='ea05', solint='inf', minsnr=3)
# In CASA: antenna bandpasses recalibration
bandpass(vis='G192-BP.ms', caltable='calG192.B0.b', \
         gaintable=['calG192.G0.b', 'calG192.K0.b'], \
         field='1', refant='ea05', solnorm=False, \
         bandtype='B', solint='inf')
</source>

Finally we inspect these solutions (Figs. 9 and 10):
<source lang="python">
# In CASA
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0.b', xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', \
        spw='0~31', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0.b', xaxis='freq', yaxis='amp', \
        spw='32~63', iteration='antenna')
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0.b', xaxis='freq', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', spw='0~31', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180])
#
plotcal(caltable='calG192.B0.b', xaxis='freq', yaxis='phase', \
        iteration='antenna', spw='32~63', \
        plotrange=[-1,-1,-180,180])
</source>

They look virtually unchanged from the previous solutions, with the exception that the amplitude scaling is corrected for the spectrum of 3C84.  Now that we have the final version of our delay and bandpass calibration tables, calG192.K0.b and calG192.B0.b can be used for all subsequent calibration steps. 
{{Checked 4.5.2}}
<!--
-- Original: Miriam Hartman (full G192 guide) <br />
-- Modifications: Jose Salcido (4.5.2. 2016/04/14) <br />
-- Topical Guide: Juergen Ott (4.5.2, 2016/04/14) <br />
-->